The recent GAO report, “Critical Minerals: Status, Challenges, and Policy Options for Recovery from Nontraditional Sources” (GAO-24-106395), highlights the United States’ reliance on foreign nations, including adversaries, for critical minerals essential for manufacturing and defense. The report identifies nontraditional domestic sources, such as mining wastes, coal by-products, and geothermal brines, as viable alternatives to traditional mining. The recovery of critical minerals from nontraditional sources presents several benefits. These include increased independence from foreign suppliers, stabilization of mineral prices, and the reuse of existing industrial sites, which can reduce environmental impacts associated with new mining operations.

Key Business Models for Electrolyzer Firms in Green Hydrogen Projects Electrolyzer firms play a crucial role in the emerging green hydrogen industry by providing the technology necessary to produce hydrogen from renewable energy sources. As the demand for green hydrogen grows, these firms need to adopt robust business models that can sustain long-term growth and profitability while contributing to the decarbonization of various industries. One viable business model for electrolyzer firms is to develop and license their proprietary technologies to other companies.